Cơ chế dẫn đến kháng thuốc ung thư tuyến tiền liệt

Cơ chế dẫn đến kháng thuốc ung thư tuyến tiền liệt

Shop thuốc tây đặc trị xin giới thiệu bài viết về cơ chế dẫn đến kháng thuốc ung thư tuyến tiền liệt

Ung thư tuyến tiền liệt là bệnh ung thư phổ biến nhất ở nam giới ở Hoa Kỳ. Nhiều bệnh nhân có thể sống lâu do được phát hiện sớm và điều trị bằng liệu pháp khử androgen. Tuy nhiên, bất chấp những lợi ích của liệu pháp này, hầu hết tất cả bệnh nhân cuối cùng sẽ bị kháng thuốc và bệnh tái phát. Trong một bài báo mới được xuất bản trên Science Translational Medicine, các nhà nghiên cứu của Trung tâm Ung thư Moffitt đã tiết lộ cơ chế mà các tế bào ung thư tuyến tiền liệt trở nên kháng thuốc thông qua sửa đổi phân tử của protein thụ thể androgen và xác định một phương pháp điều trị tiềm năng có thể khắc phục tình trạng kháng thuốc này.

Liệu pháp loại bỏ androgen đã là phương pháp điều trị chính của bệnh ung thư tuyến tiền liệt trong nhiều thập kỷ. Mục tiêu của liệu pháp này là làm giảm mức độ nội tiết tố được gọi là androgen kích thích sự phát triển của tế bào ung thư tuyến tiền liệt thông qua phương pháp tiếp cận phẫu thuật hoặc y tế nhắm mục tiêu đến tín hiệu của thụ thể androgen. Liệu pháp loại bỏ androgen giúp cải thiện đáng kể khả năng sống sót, nhưng hầu như luôn dẫn đến bệnh tái phát được gọi là ung thư tuyến tiền liệt kháng thiến. Các nhà khoa học đã phát hiện ra rằng kháng thuốc chủ yếu là do sự tái kích hoạt tín hiệu của thụ thể androgen thông qua các cơ chế khác nhau, và họ đã phát triển các loại thuốc mới, chẳng hạn như enzalutamide và abiraterone, để khắc phục tình trạng kháng thuốc này. Thật không may, bệnh nhân cuối cùng cũng phát triển khả năng kháng các loại thuốc này trong một khoảng thời gian tương đối ngắn.

Nhóm nghiên cứu Moffitt, phối hợp với các nhà khoa học tại Đại học Washington ở St. Louis, muốn xác định các cơ chế kháng thay thế đối với enzalutamide và abiraterone ở bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến tiền liệt. Họ đã thực hiện một loạt các thí nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm tập trung vào các biến đổi phân tử của thụ thể androgen và tương tác của nó với các protein và DNA khác. Họ phát hiện ra rằng thụ thể androgen trở nên biến đổi về mặt hóa học tại hai vị trí khác nhau. Đầu tiên, một nhóm phốt phát được thêm vào protein thụ thể androgen bởi một protein có tên là ACK1. Sự sửa đổi hóa học này cho phép một lần sửa đổi thứ hai, trong đó một nhóm hóa chất acetyl được thêm vào. Sự thay đổi này xảy ra trên một vị trí của thụ thể androgen cho phép nó trở nên hoạt động, ngay cả khi có mặt enzalutamide.

Các nhà nghiên cứu đã xác nhận tầm quan trọng của những thay đổi phân tử này trong các thí nghiệm trên chuột. Họ đã chứng minh rằng việc điều trị kháng thuốc ung thư tuyến tiền liệt ( kháng enzalutamide / abiraterone) ở chuột bằng chất ức chế ACK1 do Moffitt thiết kế được gọi là ( R ) -9b nhằm mục tiêu ACK1 ức chế sự phát triển của khối u và giảm mức độ biểu hiện của ACK1, thụ thể androgen và các gen quan trọng khác được điều chỉnh bởi thụ thể androgen. Quan trọng hơn, các nhà nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng mức độ biểu hiện của ACK1 và thụ thể androgen được sửa đổi cao hơn trong các mẫu mô của bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến tiền liệt so với mô tuyến tiền liệt bình thường và biểu hiện của chúng tăng lên trong suốt quá trình ung thư.

Nicholas Lawrence, Tiến sĩ, đồng tác giả nghiên cứu và thành viên cấp cao của Cục Khám phá Thuốc cho biết: “Những quan sát kết hợp này cho thấy tầm quan trọng của các sự kiện thay đổi thụ thể androgen này và tương tác với protein đối với sự phát triển của ung thư tuyến tiền liệt kháng thiến.

"Việc xác định chất ức chế kinase ACK1 có khả năng ngăn cản cả hai sửa đổi và thực tế là chất ức chế ACK1 chưa được thử nghiệm lâm sàng, những dữ liệu này có thể mở ra một phương thức điều trị mới cho bệnh nhân kháng thuốc ung thư tuyến tiền liệt  tái phát, a Harshani Lawrence, Tiến sĩ, đồng tác giả nghiên cứu và là giám đốc khoa học về Sinh học Hóa học, cho biết thêm.

Tham khảo các dòng thuốc ung thư tuyến tiền liệt của shop thuốc tây đặc trị tại đây

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